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James Edward Budgett Meakin
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James Edward Budgett Meakin : ウィキペディア英語版
James Edward Budgett Meakin

James Edward Budgett Meakin (8 August 1866 – 26 June 1906) was an English journalist. He wrote extensively about Morocco, and was concerned with the working conditions of workers in the United Kingdom.
== Biography ==
He was born in London, the son of Edward Ebenezer Meakin (1838–1897), tea planter in India and later a journalist, and his wife, Sarah Ann Budgett (1832–1906). He was educated at Reigate grammar school. His mother was the daughter of Samuel Budgett (1794–1851), an English merchant.
In 1884 Meakin's father settled in Tangier, Morocco, and founded the first English newspaper in Morocco, the ''Times of Morocco.'' At first the paper was published monthly, and from 1886 on weekly basis.〔Budgett Meakin, The Moorish Empire; a Historical Epitome (london: S. Sonnenschein & Company, 1899), p. 534-535.〕 James joined his father in Morocco and started to work on the paper as assistant editor, and from 1888 as the paper’s editor.〔Budgett Meakin, The Moors: A Comprehensive Description (London: S. Sonnenschein & Company, 1902), p. VII.〕
James was fascinated by the people and culture of Morocco and soon after his arrival there he started to write about everything he saw and experienced. He adopted local clothes, gave himself a local name (Tahar bel Mikki) and learned the local customs and language. In 1891, at the age of 25, he published an English-Arabic dictionary – ''An Introduction to the Arabic of Morocco''.H
He returned to England in 1895, but his requests for funding his research were rejected, so he decided to go by himself to Morocco for one year, and then travelled another year in other countries (like Uzbekistan, Iraq 〔Budgett Meakin, “Among The Bagdad Jews”,'' The Jewish Chronicle.'' April 04, 1896, 7. and “The Jews of Bokhara And Samarkand” The Jewish Chronicle. January 08, 1897, 12.〕 and further East – to Japan). He returned to England once more in 1897 in order to write and edit his books. He published three comprehensive books about Morocco, which established his status as the leading authority in this field: ''The Moorish Empire ''(1899), ''The Land of the Moors'' (1901), ''The Moors'' (1902). In 1905 he published his fourth book about Morocco- ''Life in Morocco, and Glimpses Beyond.'' This book consisted of articles and other notes that were not published in his previous books. He also wrote the article on Morocco in the eleventh edition of Encyclopædia Britannica.
He was awarded the Order of the Medjidie by the Sultan of Turkey for his studies of Islam in 1902 and 1904, according to an obituary of Mr Budgett Meakin published in the "Chiswick Gazette" on July 6, 1906.
In addition to his books and his work at the Times of Morocco, his articles were published in newspapers and journals in England and US, including The ''Jewish Chronicle'',〔
*Budgett Meakin,''The Jewries of Morocco.'' The Jewish Chronicle. London, October 30, 1891. p 14-15.
*Budgett Meakin,''The Hope of Barbary.'' The Jewish Chronicle. London, January 08, 1892. p 14.
*Budgett Meakin,''How The Morocco Jews Suffer.'' The Jewish Chronicle. London, August 03, 1894. p 8-9.
*Budgett Meakin,''The Morocco Jewess.'' The Jewish Chronicle. London, January 04, 1895. p 14.
*Budgett Meakin,''Among The Bagdad Jews.'' The Jewish Chronicle. London, April 10, 1896. p 7.
*Budgett Meakin,''The Jews of Bokhara And Samarkand.'' The Jewish Chronicle. January 08, 1897. p 12.
*Budgett Meakin,''the morocco conference and jewish interest.'' the jewish chronicle. London, March 03, 1906. p 14-15.
*Budgett Meakin,''The Jews of Morocco - Lecture.'' The Jewish Chronicle. London, May 18, 1906.〕 The London Tribune, The Fortnightly Review.〔Budgett Meakin, ''The Algeciras Conference.'' The Fortnightly review. May 1906. p 940-947.〕
His books and articles describe the local Moorish society, its habits and customs in great detail. During his stay in Morocco he was involved in the local politics and social life. His articles in the Jewish Chronicle exemplify his concerns regarding Morocco, its future, society and minorities (Jews).
In addition, he was involved in establishing the anti-sweat league and dealt with social reforms in England, such as the working class situation, and city slum conditions. In 1903 he investigated the working class conditions in several cities in the US and in 1905 published his book "Model Factories and Villages".〔(The New York Times. "City Dens of Poverty; english observer finds bad conditions in america." New York, April 23, 1903 ).〕
James died on June 28, 1906 〔(The New York Times, "Death List of a Day”, New York, June 28, 1906 ).〕 at the age of 39 and is buried in the East side of Highgate Cemetery along with his parents.

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